IRLS 413 American Military University Peacekeeping Guiding Principals Discussion
ANSWER
Traditional Principles of International Peacekeeping
International peacekeeping is a fundamental tool used by the United Nations (UN) to prevent conflicts, maintain peace, and stabilize regions torn by violence and war. The three traditional principles of international peacekeeping, as outlined by the UN, are consent of the parties, impartiality, and non-use of force except in self-defense and defense of the mandate. These principles have guided peacekeeping operations for decades, shaping the approach taken by peacekeeping forces worldwide.
- Consent of the Parties: This principle highlights the importance of the consent of the conflicting parties involved in a peacekeeping operation. Peacekeepers cannot be deployed without the explicit approval of the host country and other relevant stakeholders. This principle underscores the idea that peacekeeping forces should not be seen as an occupying force but as partners in conflict resolution.
- Impartiality: Impartiality requires peacekeepers to treat all parties involved in a conflict fairly and neutrally. They must not take sides or favor any particular group. This principle is crucial for maintaining the credibility and trust of all parties, as impartial peacekeepers are more likely to be accepted as mediators and facilitators of peace.
- Non-Use of Force Except in Self-Defense and Defense of the Mandate: Peacekeepers are authorized to use force only in cases of self-defense or to protect their mandate. The primary focus of peacekeeping is on conflict prevention, mediation, and stabilization through peaceful means. The use of force is seen as a last resort to protect the peacekeepers themselves and the achievement of the mission’s objectives.
Relevance of the Traditional Principles Today
The relevance of these traditional principles of international peacekeeping remains significant in the modern world, although their application can be complex and nuanced.
- Consent of the Parties: This principle continues to be a cornerstone of peacekeeping. Obtaining the consent of the host country and conflicting parties ensures that peacekeepers have a legitimate and legal basis for their presence. However, in situations where parties are unwilling to cooperate or where conflicts involve non-state actors, obtaining full consent can be challenging. In cases of fragile or failed states, the question of whose consent is relevant can also arise.
- Impartiality: Impartiality remains crucial for the credibility and effectiveness of peacekeeping operations. However, in conflicts characterized by deep-seated ethnic, religious, or ideological divisions, maintaining impartiality can be difficult. Peacekeepers might find it challenging to navigate situations where both parties commit human rights abuses or where their neutrality is perceived as indifference.
- Non-Use of Force: The principle of non-use of force is essential to distinguish peacekeeping from enforcement actions. However, there are instances where peacekeepers have faced threats from armed groups that do not adhere to these principles. In such cases, peacekeepers must strike a balance between protecting themselves and minimizing the escalation of violence.
In conclusion, the three traditional principles of international peacekeeping – consent of the parties, impartiality, and non-use of force – remain relevant today. However, their application must be adaptable to the evolving nature of conflicts, the involvement of non-state actors, and the complexities of modern warfare. Peacekeeping operations must continue to prioritize negotiation, mediation, and diplomacy while being prepared to adapt to new challenges and dilemmas on the ground.
Sources:
QUESTION
Description
What
are the three traditional principles of international peacekeeping?
Are all three still equally relevant today? Explain why, why not.
Instructions: Your initial post should be at least 350 words. Support
your analysis with research from at least 2 sources and cite those
sources appropriately.
RESOURCES:
Our Peacekeepers https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/our-peacekeeper
Principles of Peacekeeping https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/principles-of-peacekeeping
Our History https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/our-history
United Nations. (Video) In the Cause of Peace. January 27, 2009 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqYuRh78-_4
Padden, Emily. “Partnering for Peace: Implications and Dilemmas,” International Peacekeeping, Volume 18, Number 5. November 2011.
https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unef1facts.html.
https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/principles-of-peacekeeping.
https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/240/89/IMG/NR024089.pdf?OpenElement.
https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/59/565
https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/untso